Tensions Over Participation: How Inclusive are Renewable Energy Partnerships Between the EU and Maghreb Countries?

Energy transitions have become a key process around the globe to decarbonise economies in response to climate change. States all over the world have engaged in the expansion of renewable energy projects, among others as part of their Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) in the framework of the UNFCCC COP processes. Nevertheless, energy transitions do not only have a national dimension but are actively shaped from the outside through the cooperation between states, companies, and other transnational actors such as development agencies. Indeed, the transregional dimension of energy transitions is often overlooked: Through which entanglements, partnerships, and programmes do different public and private actors cooperate on specific renewable energy projects? And which players have a seat at the negotiating table in such a transnational setting?